Nearly twice as many Britons consider artificial intelligence a risk to the economy than see it as an opportunity, according to a poll by the Tony Blair Institute (TBI).
The survey of more than 3,700 adults found 38% of respondents view AI as an economic threat, while only 20% see it as a positive force. TBI highlighted lack of public trust as the main barrier to AI adoption in the UK.
Jakob Mökander, TBI’s director of science and technology policy, warned that public scepticism could threaten Prime Minister Keir Starmer’s goal of making the UK an AI “superpower.” He noted the country can achieve this by leading in adoption rather than development, since the US and China dominate AI innovation.
“You can be an AI superpower in two ways – either leading in AI development or adoption,” Mökander said. “The UK will not lead in development, but it can lead in adoption. That will only happen if the government builds public trust in the technology.”
The UK government has made AI central to its economic growth strategy, with Starmer saying Britain aims to become a leading AI nation. However, voter concerns remain, particularly about job displacement. TBI estimates AI could affect 1 million to 3 million private sector jobs, though some new roles may offset losses.
The poll also showed a clear difference between AI users and non-users. Over half of those who had not used AI saw it as a risk, while only a quarter of regular users felt threatened by the technology.
Mökander suggested that building trust requires clear regulation and public education. Highlighting AI benefits, such as reducing NHS wait times or improving workplace efficiency, could help shift perceptions. He compared the approach to vaccine promotion: rules ensure safety, and education builds confidence.
TBI’s report made five recommendations to increase trust in AI: encourage public use, highlight practical benefits, measure positive impact in relatable ways, implement responsible regulation, and launch skill-building programs.
A UK government spokesperson emphasized that public trust and skills are essential for AI adoption. “About 10 million workers are expected to use AI in their day-to-day roles by 2035, so it is vital our workforce has the skills and confidence to use it,” the spokesperson said.
The findings underline the challenge facing the UK in promoting AI as a driver of economic growth. Without addressing public concerns and demonstrating tangible benefits, efforts to position Britain as a global AI leader may face significant hurdles.
