OpenAI has launched new AI models under the GPT-4.1 lineup, specifically optimized for software engineering and coding tasks. These models are now accessible through the OpenAI API, though they are not yet integrated into ChatGPT.
The GPT-4.1 release is a major update for developers. It introduces powerful features that support real-world software development workflows. Most notably, the models offer a 1-million-token context window, which allows them to process nearly 750,000 words at once — far more than the length of most novels.
This launch comes at a time of increased competition in the AI space. Tech giants like Google and Anthropic have also released coding-focused models such as Gemini 2.5 Pro and Claude 3.7 Sonnet, both offering similar long-context capabilities. Chinese startup DeepSeek has also entered the race with its improved V3 model.
AI Models Designed for Real-World Coding
OpenAI says GPT-4.1 has been fine-tuned using feedback from software developers. This feedback helped improve the model’s ability to write clean, structured code, and follow detailed instructions. The company aims to build what it calls an “agentic software engineer” — a fully capable AI that can manage an entire software development lifecycle, including coding, debugging, testing, and documentation.
According to OpenAI, GPT-4.1 now performs better in:
- Frontend development
- Following consistent code structure
- Using tools more reliably
- Making fewer unnecessary changes to code
“These improvements enable developers to build agents that are considerably better at real-world software engineering tasks,” OpenAI told TechCrunch.
Performance on Coding Benchmarks
OpenAI’s internal evaluations show that GPT-4.1 outperforms its earlier models, such as GPT-4o and GPT-4o mini, on a range of coding benchmarks. One such test is SWE-bench, which checks how well a model handles real-world programming problems.
Here’s how GPT-4.1 stacks up against the competition:
| Model | SWE-bench Verified Score |
|---|---|
| GPT-4.1 | 52%–54.6% |
| Google Gemini 2.5 | 63.8% |
| Claude 3.7 Sonnet | 62.3% |
While GPT-4.1 leads in some areas, it still lags behind competitors in raw performance for certain tasks. However, OpenAI also offers lighter versions of the model — GPT-4.1 mini and GPT-4.1 nano — designed for faster performance and cost savings.
Pricing for GPT-4.1 Models
OpenAI has structured its pricing to cater to a wide range of users. Here’s a breakdown:
- GPT-4.1: $2 per million input tokens, $8 per million output tokens
- GPT-4.1 mini: $0.40 per million input, $1.60 per million output
- GPT-4.1 nano: $0.10 per million input, $0.40 per million output
These models are built for different levels of use. The nano version is currently the fastest and most affordable model OpenAI has released.
Strength in Video Understanding
In addition to coding, GPT-4.1 performs well in other technical areas. One highlight is its video understanding capability. In the Video-MME benchmark, the model achieved 72% accuracy on long videos without subtitles — the highest among all tested AI systems.
This could lead to broader uses for GPT-4.1 in industries like media production, video summarization, and content tagging.
Known Limitations of GPT-4.1
Despite the many improvements, GPT-4.1 is not perfect. OpenAI acknowledges several challenges:
- The model may still introduce or overlook bugs when generating code.
- Its accuracy drops with extremely long inputs. On OpenAI’s internal OpenAI-MRCR test, accuracy fell from 84% at 8,000 tokens to just 50% at 1 million tokens.
- GPT-4.1 tends to be more literal than previous models, sometimes needing more exact prompts to work effectively.
These issues show that while GPT-4.1 is a step forward, there is still work to be done before AI can fully replace human software engineers.
The Race Toward AI-Driven Development
The release of GPT-4.1 shows OpenAI’s commitment to building tools for developers. As the AI industry grows, companies are racing to create tools that can assist — or even fully automate — coding tasks.
While OpenAI focuses on refining its models through real-world developer input, competitors like Google and Anthropic continue to push the envelope with their own innovations.
The battle to build the ultimate AI software engineer is far from over. But with GPT-4.1, OpenAI has taken another big step.