Mark Zuckerberg denied in a Los Angeles courtroom that Instagram targets children under 13, pushing back against allegations in a closely watched trial over youth social media addiction.
The case, unfolding in Los Angeles, centers on claims that Meta Platforms and Google knowingly designed their platforms to hook young users despite awareness of potential mental health risks.
Zuckerberg repeatedly stated that children under 13 are not permitted to use Instagram, defending prior testimony he gave to Congress in 2024.
The Lawsuit at a Glance
The plaintiff, a California woman, alleges she began using Instagram and YouTube as a child. She claims the platforms contributed to depression and suicidal thoughts, accusing the companies of prioritizing engagement and profit over user safety.
Meta and Google have denied the allegations, highlighting investments in safety features and parental tools.
The trial is one of the first in a broader wave of U.S. lawsuits accusing social media companies of contributing to a youth mental health crisis.
Internal Documents Under Scrutiny
During cross-examination, plaintiff’s attorney Mark Lanier confronted Zuckerberg with internal company presentations.
One 2018 Instagram document reportedly stated: “If we want to win big with teens, we must bring them in as tweens.” Lanier argued this contradicted Meta’s public stance.
Zuckerberg responded that the statement was being mischaracterized. He testified that Meta had at times discussed creating child-friendly versions of its services but ultimately did not launch a version of Instagram for children under 13.
An email from former Meta executive Nick Clegg was also presented, noting that age limits were difficult to enforce and that differing policies between Facebook and Instagram complicated the company’s messaging.
Zuckerberg maintained that verifying users’ ages remains a technical challenge and suggested responsibility should also lie with device manufacturers.
Debate Over Screen Time Goals
Another key point of contention involved whether Meta sought to maximize user screen time.
Zuckerberg previously told Congress in 2021 that he had not instructed Instagram teams to prioritize maximizing time spent on the app. However, emails from 2014 and 2015 referenced goals of increasing engagement by double-digit percentages.
A 2022 document shown to jurors outlined “milestones” projecting daily user time rising from 40 minutes in 2023 to 46 minutes in 2026.
Zuckerberg argued these were not formal targets but management benchmarks. He testified that Meta’s product goals center on delivering positive user experiences, with increased usage as a byproduct.
Broader Legal and Global Backlash
The Los Angeles case is seen as a potential test case for thousands of similar lawsuits filed by families, school districts, and U.S. states.
Meta’s competitors Snap Inc. and TikTok reportedly settled with the plaintiff before trial.
Legal experts say a verdict against Meta or Google could weaken long-standing protections that shield tech companies from liability over user-generated content. Unlike earlier cases, this litigation focuses on platform design and engagement mechanics rather than specific posts.
Internationally, scrutiny of youth social media use is intensifying. Australia has banned social media access for users under 16, while U.S. states such as Florida have enacted restrictions for younger users. Industry groups are challenging some of these measures in court.
What’s at Stake
The trial marks Zuckerberg’s first courtroom testimony specifically addressing Instagram’s impact on youth mental health.
Plaintiff attorneys argue that the case could force structural changes in how social media platforms are designed. Meta counters that the plaintiff’s personal history — not Instagram — explains her struggles, and describes the platform as a creative outlet for many users.
With jurors weighing internal documents, executive testimony, and expert evidence, the outcome could shape the future legal landscape for Big Tech and youth safety regulation in the United States.